Cell:香蕉提取的凝集素可抵御多种病毒

    近日,国际学术期刊《Cell》在线发美国密歇根大学内科医学教授的一篇研究论文,论文称科学家从香蕉提取凝集素研制了一种“神奇药物”,能够用于治疗许多致命顽疾——丙型肝炎、流感和艾滋病。

 

    这种新型药物有望成为一种重要的“广谱抗病毒药物”,可以避免人们遭受最致命的疾病。其关键成份是从香蕉中提取的一种蛋白质,叫做“香蕉凝集素”。据悉,首次发现这种蛋白质是5年前,当时科学家认为这将是一种潜在的艾滋病治疗方法。但是他们发现该成份具有无法克服的副作用。目前,科学家最新研制一种新型药物,在老鼠实验中获得成功,同时该药物不会产生刺激和发炎等副作用。

 

    香蕉凝集素能够攀爬在这些致命病毒表面的糖分子结构上,一旦该药物锁定病毒,便很容易通过身体免疫系统将病毒吞噬消化。在对老鼠的实验中,新型药物——H84T,成功阻止老鼠感染流感,并且没有出现之前药物测试的发炎现象。同时,这种新型药物还能用于治疗艾滋病、丙型肝炎。

研究人员认为,该药物甚至能够用于治疗埃博拉病毒。然而,他们警告称,通过食用香蕉并不会达到相同的疗效,药物中的成份是从香蕉中提取化学物质改良处理之后的。大卫-马克维茨(David Markovitz)博士称,这种药物的神奇疗效令我们非常吃惊,因为它可能研制成一种广谱抗病毒药物。

    原文链接:Engineering a Therapeutic Lectin by Uncoupling Mitogenicity from Antiviral Activity

 

    原文摘要:A key effector route of the Sugar Code involves lectins that exert crucial regulatory controls by targeting distinct cellular glycans. We demonstrate that a single amino-acid substitution in a banana lectin, replacing histidine 84 with a threonine, significantly reduces its mitogenicity, while preserving its broad-spectrum antiviral potency. X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy, and glycocluster assays reveal that loss of mitogenicity is strongly correlated with loss of pi-pi stacking between aromatic amino acids H84 and Y83, which removes a wall separating two carbohydrate binding sites, thus diminishing multivalent interactions. On the other hand, monovalent interactions and antiviral activity are preserved by retaining other wild-type conformational features and possibly through unique contacts involving the T84 side chain. Through such fine-tuning, target selection and downstream effects of a lectin can be modulated so as to knock down one activity, while preserving another, thus providing tools for therapeutics and for understanding the Sugar Code.

 

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